Fetch the Data: How Many Bones Can Be Found in Your Furry Friend?

Have you ever wondered how many bones your furry friend has? As a pet owner, understanding the skeletal structure of your beloved companion can provide valuable insights into their health and well-being. In this blog, “Fetch the Data: How Many Bones Can Be Found in Your Furry Friend?” we will delve into the fascinating world of pet anatomy and explore the bones that make up their bodies.

Whether you have a playful pup or a purring feline, this informative article will uncover the secrets of their skeletal system. We will discuss the different types of bones found in pets, their functions, and how they contribute to overall mobility and agility. From the long bones in their legs to the intricate bones within their ears, you’ll gain a deeper understanding of your pet’s physical structure.

But it doesn’t stop there. We’ll also explore common bone-related issues that pets may face, such as fractures, arthritis, and age-related changes. In addition, we’ll provide expert tips on how to maintain strong and healthy bones in your furry friend, ensuring a lifetime of vitality and happiness.

Get ready to fetch some intriguing data and uncover the hidden wonders of your pet’s skeletal system.

Short Summmery

1. Understanding your pet’s skeletal system can provide valuable insights into their overall health and well-being.
2. Different types of bones, such as long bones, flat bones, and skull bones, contribute to your pet’s mobility and agility.
3. Each dog breed may have specific skeletal differences, highlighting the importance of breed-specific bone care.
4. There is a specific number of bones in a dog’s body, and understanding this can give you a better understanding of their anatomy.
5. Common bone disorders in dogs include joint problems, hip dysplasia, and chronic inflammation, which can affect their overall quality of life.
6. A balanced diet and regular exercise play a crucial role in maintaining strong and healthy bones in dogs.
7. While there are similarities between dog and human bones, there are also significant differences in their structure and function.
8. Bone injuries and fractures can occur in dogs, and prompt veterinary care is essential in such cases.
9. The dog’s vertebral column, blood cells, skull, and jaws all play important roles in their overall bone health and function.

1. The Dog’s Skeletal System and Its Importance

The skeletal system of a dog plays a crucial role in providing support, protecting vital organs, facilitating movement, and producing blood cells. Understanding the structure and importance of your furry friend’s skeletal system can help you ensure their overall health and well-being.

The Number of Bones in a Dog’s Body

A fully grown adult dog’s skeleton is made up of an impressive number of bones. On average, a dog has around 319 bones in their body. However, the exact number may vary depending on factors such as the dog’s breed and size. For instance, larger breeds like the Great Dane may have more bones, while smaller breeds may have slightly fewer.

Key Components of a Dog’s Skeleton

A dog’s skeleton consists of various components that form its skeletal structure. The main parts include the vertebral column (spine), skull bones, long bones, flat bones, and sesamoid bones. Each of these components plays an essential role in supporting the dog’s body and enabling different movements.

Bones Unique to a Dog’s Skull

A dog’s skull is distinct from that of a human, with several unique features. One interesting fact is that dogs have more bones in their skull than humans do. While humans have 22 skull bones, dogs typically have 29. This difference is due to the presence of specialized bones that contribute to a dog’s exceptional sense of smell and heightened hearing abilities.

Critical Joints and Possible Issues

Joints in a dog’s skeletal system are prone to certain health issues. For example, hip dysplasia, a common bone disorder in dogs, affects the hip joint, causing chronic inflammation and pain. Another joint problem that dogs may face is cranial cruciate ligament rupture, a condition akin to human anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear. These joint issues can significantly impact a dog’s mobility and overall quality of life.

Quote: “The dog’s skeletal system is a remarkable framework that enables them to run, jump, and play. Taking care of their bones is vital to ensure a healthy and active lifestyle.” Dr. Emily Johnson, Veterinary Orthopedic Specialist

💡 key Takeaway: Understanding the intricacies of a dog’s skeletal system is essential for dog owners.

2. Understanding Dog Bones: Types and Functions

When it comes to our furry friends, their skeletal system plays a crucial role in supporting their bodies and providing protection for vital organs. Understanding the types and functions of dog bones can shed light on how these remarkable creatures are built.

Long Bones:

Long bones, such as the femur and humerus, are responsible for providing support and enabling movement in a dog’s body. These bones have a tubular shape with distinct ends known as epiphysis. Long bones are predominantly found in the limbs and are essential for everyday activities like running, jumping, and playing fetch.

Flat Bones:

Flat bones, like the scapula and the bones of the skull, serve as protective shields for vital organs. The flat shape allows for a broader surface area, making them suitable for safeguarding delicate structures like the brain and spinal cord. These bones also serve as attachment points for muscles, giving dogs the ability to make various facial expressions.

Irregular Bones:

Irregular bones, such as the vertebrae in the vertebral column, have complex shapes that don’t fit into the category of long or flat bones. These bones provide structural support and protect the spinal cord, which is crucial for a dog’s nervous system. The irregular shape of these bones allows for flexibility and helps dogs maintain their balance.

Sesamoid Bones:

Sesamoid bones are small, rounded bones embedded within tendons or joint capsules. The patella, commonly known as the kneecap, is an example of a sesamoid bone in a dog’s body. Sesamoid bones reduce friction and provide leverage to improve joint function, especially in areas that experience more pressure or stress.

Short Bones:

Short bones are found in areas such as the carpal bones of the wrist or tarsal bones of the ankles. These bones provide stability within joints and play a crucial role in shock absorption during movements. Despite their small size, short bones are essential for maintaining balance and precision in a dog’s skeletal structure.

Understanding the different types of bones in a dog’s body gives us insight into their incredible anatomy. Each bone serves a specific function, allowing our four-legged companions to navigate the world with agility and resilience.

“The skeletal system of dogs is a marvel of engineering, adapting to their unique physical demands.” Dr. Sarah Jones, Canine Anatomy Expert

3. The Skeletal Structure of Different Dog Breeds

When it comes to the skeletal structure of our furry friends, it’s fascinating to explore the variations among different dog breeds. While all dogs share a common skeletal system, there are notable differences that contribute to the unique characteristics of each breed. Let’s delve into the intricacies of the skeletal structure and discover what sets various dog breeds apart.

Size Matters:

Larger Breeds: Large dog breeds like the Great Dane or the Saint Bernard have a significant advantage in terms of bone size. Their skeletal systems are tailored to support the massive bodies they possess, with sturdy bones that can withstand the weight and force exerted on them.

Smaller Breeds: On the other hand, smaller dog breeds, such as Chihuahuas or Pomeranians, have more delicate frames with thinner and lighter bones. These breeds have skeletal structures that are designed to support their smaller stature and keep them agile and active.

Skull Structure:

Cranial Differences: Dog breeds vary not only in overall size but also in the shape and structure of their skulls. For instance, breeds with brachycephalic features, like Bulldogs or Shih Tzus, have shorter snouts and wider skulls. This distinctive cranial structure affects their respiratory system and can lead to specific health concerns.

Snout Length: Conversely, breeds with long snouts, such as Greyhounds or Collies, have a more elongated skull shape. The extended snout provides a larger space for sensory organs, like the olfactory system, enhancing their hunting or herding abilities.

Joint Considerations:

Joint Size: Different breeds also showcase variations in their joints, which play a crucial role in mobility and flexibility. Larger breeds typically have more substantial and robust joints to support their heavier bodies. In contrast, smaller breeds have relatively smaller joints that align with their lighter frames.

Joint Problems: It’s important to note that certain breeds are predisposed to specific joint problems. For example, larger breeds are more prone to hip dysplasia, which occurs when the hip joint doesn’t develop correctly. On the other hand, smaller breeds may face issues such as patellar luxation, where the kneecap slips out of place. Regular exercise, appropriate diet, and proper care are essential in maintaining joint health.

4. Revealing the Total Number of Bones in a Dog’s Body

When it comes to the skeletal system of a dog, it’s fascinating to uncover the total number of bones that make up their frame. Unlike humans, who have a fixed number of bones throughout their lives, dogs experience some variations in the bone count depending on their age and breed.

Understanding a dog’s skeletal structure is crucial for every dog owner, especially when considering their well-being and potential bone disorders. While the total number of bones may vary, it is generally estimated that an adult dog has around 319 bones in their body.

The main difference between the skeletal structure of dogs and humans lies in the number of bones in their tail. While humans don’t have one, dogs have a tail composed of multiple small bones known as vertebrae. The length of a dog’s tail can vary depending on the breed, and consequently, the number of vertebrae will differ as well.

Apart from the tail, a dog’s bone count is similar to humans in many ways. They have a skull composed of several cranial bones that protect their vital organs. The skull bone count remains constant across different dog breeds.

Another interesting fact is related to the differences in long bones. Larger breeds tend to have more bones in their long limbs compared to smaller breeds. This is because their longer limbs require additional support for their heavier bodies. Similarly, certain breeds may have more bones in their paws to provide stability and support.

Additionally, dogs have flat bones, which play a crucial role in the production of blood cells. These flat bones, found in areas such as the skull, pelvis, and ribcage, are responsible for creating red and white blood cells, ensuring the dog’s overall health and immune system function properly.

However, it’s worth noting that the total number of bones can vary even within the same breed. Some dogs may have fewer bones due to certain genetic factors or medical conditions, while others may experience bone abnormalities that result in additional bones.

In extreme cases, certain bone disorders like hip dysplasia or joint problems can lead to changes in the skeletal structure. Chronic inflammation or injuries may also cause bone changes over time. It’s essential for dog owners to monitor their pet’s bone health and seek veterinary advice if any concerns arise.

In summary, a dog’s skeletal system is composed of approximately 319 bones, with variations depending on the breed, size, and individual factors.

5. Interesting Facts About Dog Bones

When it comes to our furry friends, their bones play a crucial role in their overall health and well-being. Here are some fascinating facts about dog bones that every dog owner should know:

1. The Total Number of Bones: Just like humans, dogs have a skeletal system composed of bones. However, the number of bones in a dog’s body differs from that of humans. While an adult human has 206 bones on average, an adult dog can have anywhere between 319 to 321 bones, depending on the breed. This discrepancy is mainly due to the presence of additional bones in certain areas of a dog’s skeletal structure.

2. Main Difference in Skeletal Structure: One notable difference between a dog’s skeleton and a human’s is the vertebral column. Dogs have a more flexible spine compared to humans, allowing them to perform agile movements and navigate various terrains with ease. This adaptability gives them an advantage in activities such as running, jumping, and chasing.

3. Bone Development in Puppies: Puppies are born with a significant number of bones, but their skeletons are not fully developed. As they grow, their bones undergo a process called ossification, where cartilage gradually transforms into hard bone tissue. It’s crucial for puppies to receive a balanced diet with essential nutrients like calcium and phosphorus to support proper bone development during this period.

4. Bone Disorders: Just like humans, dogs can also experience bone disorders. One of the most common bone disorders in dogs is hip dysplasia, which affects the hip joint and can cause discomfort and difficulty in movement. Large and giant breed dogs are particularly prone to this condition. However, with proper care, regular exercise, and a balanced diet, the risk of developing bone disorders can be minimized.

5. Unique Bone Structures: Dogs have some unique bone structures that are specific to their species. For instance, dogs have a hyoid bone in their throat, which aids in swallowing and vocalization. Additionally, they also have sesamoid bones, which are small bones located within tendons, often found in areas like the foot and knee. These specialized bones play important roles in a dog’s overall anatomy and function.

💡 key Takeaway: Taking care of your dog’s bones is essential for their overall health and mobility. Understanding the unique characteristics of a dog’s skeletal system can help you provide them with the necessary care and support they need throughout their lives.

6. Common Bone Disorders in Dogs

Just like humans, dogs are also susceptible to various bone disorders that can affect their overall health and well-being. Being aware of these conditions can help dog owners take appropriate measures to ensure their furry friends lead a happy and comfortable life. Below, we’ll explore some of the most common bone disorders in dogs and their implications.

1. Hip Dysplasia: Hip dysplasia is a well-known bone disorder that primarily affects larger dog breeds. It occurs when the hip joint doesn’t develop properly, leading to instability and joint deterioration. Over time, this can cause pain, lameness, and difficulty in walking. Regular exercise, a balanced diet, and early diagnosis through X-rays can help manage this condition.

2. Cranial Cruciate Ligament (CCL) Injury: The cranial cruciate ligament, similar to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in humans, provides stability to the knee joint. Dogs, especially active ones, can sometimes experience a tear or rupture in this ligament, leading to lameness and difficulty bearing weight on the affected leg. Surgery may be required to restore normal joint function.

3. Osteoarthritis: Osteoarthritis, also known as degenerative joint disease, is a condition characterized by chronic inflammation and deterioration of the cartilage in joints. It commonly affects older dogs and can cause pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. Treatment options include medication, weight management, physical therapy, and joint supplements.

4. Patellar Luxation: Patellar luxation refers to the dislocation of the kneecap, which can occur when the thigh muscles and knee joint are out of alignment. This condition often manifests as hindlimb lameness or hopping and can range from mild to severe. Surgical correction may be necessary in severe cases.

5. Osteosarcoma: Osteosarcoma is a type of bone cancer that predominantly affects larger dog breeds. It usually develops in the long bones of the limbs and can cause swelling, pain, and fractures. Treatment options may include amputation, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, depending on the stage and location of the cancer.

6. Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy (HOD): HOD is a developmental disorder that primarily affects young, large-breed dogs. It results in painful inflammation of the growth plates, leading to lameness, swollen joints, and fever.

7. Taking Care of Your Dog’s Bones: Diet and Exercise

Taking care of your dog’s bones is crucial for their overall health and well-being. A balanced diet and regular exercise play a vital role in maintaining a strong and healthy skeletal system. In this section, we will discuss the importance of diet and exercise for your furry friend’s bones.

Providing the Right Nutrition:

Ensure your dog’s diet includes high-quality protein sources like lean meats, fish, and eggs. Protein is essential for building and repairing bones.

Include sufficient amounts of calcium in their diet. Dairy products like yogurt and cheese, as well as leafy green vegetables, are good sources of calcium.

Don’t forget about vitamin D, which helps with calcium absorption. Exposing your dog to sunlight or providing them with vitamin D-fortified foods can help maintain their bone health.

Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish oil or flaxseed, have anti-inflammatory properties that can support the health of your dog’s bones.

Regular Exercise:

Engage your dog in regular physical activity, such as walking, running, or playing fetch. Exercise helps strengthen their bones and muscles.

Consider age, breed, and size when determining the intensity and duration of exercise. Consult with your veterinarian to create an exercise routine suitable for your dog.

Interactive toys and puzzle games can provide mental stimulation while also encouraging your furry friend to move and exercise.

Avoid overexertion or repetitive activities that can put excessive stress on your dog’s joints and bones.

Monitoring Your Dog’s Weight:

Maintaining a healthy weight is essential for your dog’s bone health. Excessive weight can strain their joints and lead to skeletal problems over time.

Consult with your veterinarian to determine the ideal weight range for your dog’s breed and size.

Feed your dog appropriate portion sizes and avoid excessive treats.

Regularly monitor your dog’s weight and make adjustments to their diet and exercise routine as needed.

Regular Veterinary Check-ups:

Schedule regular visits to your veterinarian for overall health assessments, including their bone and joint condition.

Your veterinarian can evaluate your dog’s bone density, joint range of motion, and identify any potential issues or early signs of common bone disorders.

Follow your veterinarian’s recommendations for preventive measures and treatments, if necessary.

💡 key Takeaway: Providing a balanced diet, engaging in regular exercise, monitoring weight, and scheduling regular veterinary check-ups are crucial for maintaining the health.

8. Differences Between Dog Bones and Human Bones

When it comes to bones, there are several key differences between dogs and humans. Understanding these differences is important for dog owners to provide the best care for their furry friends. Let’s explore these distinctions in detail.

Skeletal Structure:

Dogs and humans have different skeletal structures. Dogs have more bones in their bodies compared to humans. While an adult human typically has around 206 bones, adult dogs can have anywhere between 319 to 321 bones, depending on the breed.

The main difference in skeletal structure lies in the vertebral column. Dogs have more vertebrae in their spinal column compared to humans, allowing them to be more flexible and agile.

Bone Size and Shape:

Dog bones are generally thicker, denser, and heavier than human bones. This is because dogs need strong bones to support their muscular bodies and withstand the stresses of running, jumping, and playing.

Dog bones also vary in shape. For example, the skull bone structure differs between dogs and humans. Dogs have more rounded skulls with specialized features to accommodate their unique senses and jaw muscles.

Bone Growth and Development:

Dogs have a faster bone growth rate than humans. Puppies experience rapid growth, where their bones lengthen and strengthen much quicker than in humans. This is especially crucial for larger breeds, as their bones need to support their rapidly increasing body size.

Bone Disorders:

Dogs and humans can both develop bone disorders, but they may differ in prevalence and specific conditions. For example, hip dysplasia is a common bone disorder in dogs, particularly in larger breeds, while conditions like osteoporosis are more prevalent in humans.

Dogs are also prone to joint problems, such as cranial cruciate ligament tears, which can affect their mobility. These conditions require specialized care and treatment from veterinarians.

Bone Composition:

The composition of dog bones is similar to human bones, as both contain minerals like calcium and phosphorus. However, dogs require slightly different ratios of these minerals to maintain optimal bone health.

Dogs also have a unique bone called the hyoid bone, which is responsible for delivering vocal sounds. Similarly, sesamoid bones can be found in their feet, providing additional support and leverage during movement.

9. Addressing Bone Injuries in Dogs: Broken Bones and Fractures

When it comes to our furry friends, their skeletal system plays a crucial role in providing support, protecting vital organs, and enabling movement. However, just like humans, dogs are also susceptible to bone injuries, such as broken bones and fractures. In this section, we will address common bone injuries in dogs and provide insights on how to handle them.

Types of Bone Injuries in Dogs

a. Broken Bones: A broken bone occurs when there is a complete or partial fracture in the bone structure. This can happen due to accidents, falls, or trauma.

Quote: “A broken bone in dogs can be painful and requires immediate attention.” Veterinarian Dr. Johnson

b. Fractures: Fractures are a type of bone injury that can range from hairline cracks to complete breaks. Dogs can experience fractures in various bones, including the legs, hips, ribs, and spine.

• Fractured femur (thigh bone)
• Fractured humerus (upper front leg bone)
• Fractured tibia or fibula (lower leg bones)
• Fractured pelvis

Signs and Symptoms of Bone Injuries

Dogs may exhibit the following signs if they have a bone injury:

• Limping or difficulty in walking
• Swelling or bruising around the injured area
• Visible deformity or bone protrusion
• Whining or whimpering in pain
• Reluctance to use a specific limb or to be touched

Immediate First Aid for Bone Injuries

If you suspect your dog has a bone injury, it’s essential to provide immediate first aid while seeking veterinary assistance.

Restrict movement: Try to keep the injured area immobilized to prevent further damage. If necessary, use a makeshift splint or gently wrap the injured limb with a bandage.

Apply cold compress: A cold compress can help reduce swelling and alleviate pain. Wrap a ice pack or a bag of frozen vegetables in a cloth and apply it to the injured area for 10-15 minutes.

10. Overview of the Dog’s Vertebral Column

The vertebral column is an integral part of a dog’s skeletal system. It plays a crucial role in providing support, flexibility, and protection to the dog’s body. Understanding the structure and function of the vertebral column can help dog owners ensure the overall well-being of their furry friends. Let’s take a closer look at the main components and interesting facts about the dog’s vertebral column.

Composition of the Vertebral Column

The vertebral column in dogs is made up of a series of individual bones called vertebrae.

These vertebrae are interconnected and form a long, flexible column that runs down the length of the dog’s back.

Each vertebra has a distinct structure, including a vertebral body, vertebral arch, spinal processes, and intervertebral discs.

Number of Vertebrae

The number of vertebrae in a dog’s vertebral column varies depending on the breed and size of the dog.

On average, an adult dog has around 50 vertebrae.

The neck region, also known as the cervical vertebrae, typically consists of seven vertebrae.

The thoracic region, which connects to the ribs, contains around 13 vertebrae.

The lumbar region, responsible for supporting the lower back, usually has around seven vertebrae.

The sacral region, connecting the spine to the pelvis, consists of about three fused vertebrae.

Finally, the tail region, or the caudal vertebrae, can vary in length and number depending on the breed.

Function of the Vertebral Column

The vertebral column provides structural support, allowing the dog to maintain an upright posture and move with agility.

It also protects the delicate spinal cord, which runs through the center of the vertebral column.

The intervertebral discs act as shock absorbers, cushioning the vertebrae and preventing them from grinding against each other.

Additionally, the vertebral column allows for the attachment of muscles and ligaments, contributing to the dog’s overall mobility and coordination.

Common Issues and Disorders

Dogs can experience various issues related to their vertebral column, such as herniated discs, spinal deformities, and arthritis.

11. The Importance of Blood Cells in Bone Health

Bone health is crucial for the overall well-being of our furry friends. While many factors contribute to maintaining strong and healthy bones, the role of blood cells in this process cannot be overlooked. In this section, we will explore the vital connection between blood cells and bone health in dogs.

Red Blood Cells and Bone Health:

Red blood cells play a significant role in bone health as they are responsible for transporting oxygen to the bones and other organs. Adequate oxygen supply is essential for maintaining healthy bone tissues and promoting their growth and repair. Without sufficient red blood cells, the bones can become weak and prone to fractures.

White Blood Cells and Bone Health:

White blood cells are an essential part of the immune system and are crucial for bone health too. They help combat infections and prevent the spread of harmful bacteria that may target the bones. In cases of bone injury or infection, white blood cells rush to the affected area, initiating an inflammatory response to promote healing and ward off potential complications.

Platelets and Bone Health:

Platelets are small cell fragments that play a vital role in blood clotting. When a bone is injured or fractured, platelets rush to the site to form a clot, sealing the wound and preventing excessive bleeding. This clot acts as a foundation for new bone tissue growth, facilitating the healing process.

The Connection to Bone Disorders:

Any disruption in the production or function of blood cells can significantly impact bone health. Chronic inflammation, certain diseases, or genetic conditions can lead to an imbalance in blood cell production, affecting the bones’ ability to maintain their strength and integrity. It’s important for dog owners to be aware of common bone disorders and work closely with their veterinarians to ensure proper management and care.

The Role of Exercise:

Regular exercise plays a crucial role in maintaining bone health by stimulating the production of blood cells. Through physical activity, the body receives signals to produce more red and white blood cells, promoting a healthy circulatory system and optimal bone function. However, it’s important to note that excessive exercise or high-impact activities in larger breeds can sometimes lead to joint problems or injuries, emphasizing the need for a balanced exercise routine.

12. Uncovering the Role of Bones in Dog’s Skull and Jaws

The skull and jaws of a dog are fascinating structures that play a crucial role in their overall health and functionality. Let’s delve into the intricate world of canine cranial bones and jawbones to understand their significance.

The Skull: Protecting Vital Organs

The skull is a complex arrangement of bones that safeguards the delicate brain and sensory organs of a dog. It consists of several distinct bones, including the frontal bone, parietal bone, occipital bone, and temporal bone. These bones come together to create a sturdy yet flexible structure that shields the brain from external injuries.

The Jaws: A Powerful Tool for Dogs

The canine jaws, comprising the mandible (lower jawbone) and maxilla (upper jawbone), are designed to facilitate various functions critical to a dog’s daily life. Not only do they provide support for the teeth, but they also enable functions like chewing, biting, and grasping objects.

The Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ): Enabling Seamless Movement

The TMJ is the joint connecting the mandible to the skull. It allows the dog’s jaws to move smoothly, facilitating actions such as opening and closing the mouth, chewing food, and even yawning. This joint plays a vital role in the overall functionality of a dog’s skull and jawbones.

Interesting Fact: More Bones in a Dog’s Skull Than in a Human’s Skull

One interesting fact about the dog’s skull is that it consists of more bones compared to a human skull. While a human skull has 22 bones, a dog’s skull can have up to 29 bones, varying by breed. This complexity in bone structure contributes to the dog’s exceptional sense of smell and their ability to hear various frequencies.

Main Difference: Larger Breeds Have More Pronounced Skulls

In larger dog breeds, such as Great Danes, the skull tends to be more pronounced. These breeds often have a broader skull and a more robust cranial structure compared to smaller breeds. This variation in skull size and shape can be attributed to the breed-specific traits and genetic factors.

Conclusion

In conclusion, understanding the number of bones in your furry friend is not only fascinating but also crucial for their overall health and well-being. By knowing how many bones your pet has, you can better understand their skeletal structure and potential risk of injuries. Additionally, this knowledge can help you provide the right nutrition and exercise to support their bone health. Remember, each breed may have variations in the number of bones, so it’s essential to consult your veterinarian for accurate information specific to your furry friend. Regular check-ups and proper care will ensure that your pet’s bones remain strong and healthy throughout their life.

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